光滑叶片的偏振高光谱特性及与叶绿素含量的关系     

秦川  黄敬峰  王海峰  孙涵  张垚  李莹莹 《气象科学》2019,39(3):421-426

为探讨偏振光遥感快速估算植物叶绿素含量并用于农业气象自动化观测,根据植物叶绿素颗粒可产生偏振光响应的物理特性,应用SPAD-502叶绿素仪和加偏振镜的FieldSpec~?3 Hi-Res便携式高光谱仪,在多角度观测平台上测量和研究了表面光滑的桑树、红叶石楠、茶花3种代表性叶片的偏振高光谱特性与叶绿素含量的关系。结果表明:对于光滑叶片而言,550 nm附近的绿峰强度随着叶绿素含量的增加缓慢降低,即偏振高光谱与叶绿素含量呈非线性关系;绿峰波段的偏振度(DOP)与叶绿素含量的关系最好,其次为偏振反射,再次为最高反射和总反射,最低反射的关系最不明显。该研究对进一步开展偏振光遥感评价作物生长状况、灾害及估产具有重要意义。  相似文献   

A fuzzy neural network bagging ensemble forecasting model for 72-h forecast of low-temperature chilling injury     

Lu  Hong  Ou  Yi  Qin  Chuan  Jin  Long 《Natural Hazards》2021,105(2):2147-2160

Natural Hazards - On the basis of the daily temperature and precipitation data of Guangxi and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and forecast field data, the paper aims to determine the significant...  相似文献   

广西河流预报新模式及关键技术研究与应用     

杨静波  吴立愿  许钦  金君良 《水文》2021,41(2):51-55,100

随着全国中小河流水文监测工程项目的实施以及国家、广西水情预警发布管理办法的出台,在洪涝频繁、中小河流站点点多面广的新形势下,如何实现广西河流预报任务由传统的预报增加至预警、预报双重要求成为近年来工作中迫切要解决的问题。基于水量平衡原理及洪水水位涨率变化规律分析研究,根据“预测-预警-预报”河流预报模式,研究开发了适应此模式的河流预报方法和技术。2015年以来,此模式及方法技术广泛应用于广西河流预报中,实现大江大河、中小河流洪水科学预测预警预报,水文预报合格率均超过90%。同时有效延长洪水预见期,大江大河洪水预见期平均提前24h,中小河流洪水预见期平均提前5h。  相似文献   

STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DECADAL VARIATIONS OF ANNUALLY FIRST RAINY SEASON PRECIPITATION OF GUANGXI AND SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE OF INDIAN OCEAN IN SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

况雪源  黄梅丽  林振敏  黄雪松 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2008,14(2):137-140

Decadal circulation differences between more and less rainfall periods in the annually first rainy season of Guangxi and their association with sea surface temperature (SST) of the austral Indian Ocean are investigated by using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. The results are shown as follows. A pattern in which there is uniform change of the Guangxi precipitation shows a 20-year decadal oscillation and a 3-year interannual change. In contrast, a pattern of reversed-phase change between the north and the south of Guangxi has a 6-year interannual periodicity and quasi-biennial oscillation. In the period of more precipitation, the surface temperature in Eurasia is positively anomalous so as to lead to stronger low pressure systems on land and larger thermal contrast between land and ocean. Therefore, the air column is more unstable and ascending flows over Guangxi are intensified while the Hadley cell is weakened. Furthermore, the weaker western Pacific subtropical high and South Asia High, together with a stronger cross-equatorial flow, result in the transportation of more humidity and the appearance of more precipitation. The correlation analysis indicates that the Indian Ocean SST in Southern Hemisphere is closely associated with the variation of the seasonal precipitation of Guangxi on the decadal scale by influencing the Asian monsoon through the cross-equatorial flow.  相似文献   

The Kuroshio Current System as a jet and twin “relative” recirculation gyres embedded in the Sverdrup circulation     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2009,46(3-4):135-164

By analyzing the results of a realistic ocean general circulation model (OGCM) and conducting a series of idealized OGCM experiments, the dynamics of the Kuroshio Current System is examined. In the realistic configuration, the Kuroshio Current System is successfully simulated when the horizontal resolution of OGCMs is increased from 1/2° to 1/10°. The difference between the two experiments shows a jet, the model’s Kuroshio Extension, and a pair of cyclonic and anticyclonic, “relative,” recirculation gyres (RRGs) on the northern and southern flanks of the jet. We call them recirculation gyres because they share some features with ordinary recirculation gyres in previous studies, and we add the adjective “relative” to emphasize that they may not be apparent in the total field. Similar zonal jet and RRGs are obtained also in the idealized model with a rectangular basin and a flat bottom with a horizontal resolution of 1/6°. The northern RRG is generated by the injection of high potential vorticity (PV) created in the viscous sublayer of the western boundary current, indicating the importance of a no-slip boundary condition. Since there is no streamline with such high PV in the Sverdrup interior, the eastward current in the northern RRG region has to lose its PV anomaly by viscosity before connecting to the interior. In the setup stage this injection of high PV is carried out by many eddies generated from the instability of the western boundary current. This high PV generates the northern RRG, which induces the separation of the western boundary current and the formation of the zonal jet. In the equilibrium state, the anomalous high PV values created in the viscous sublayer are carried eastward in the northern flank of the zonal jet. The southern RRG is due to the classical Rhines–Young mechanism, where low PV values are advected northward within the western boundary inertial sublayer, and closed, PV-conserving streamlines form to the south of the Kuroshio Extension, allowing slow homogenization of the low PV anomalies. The westward-flowing southern branch of this southern RRG stabilizes the inertial western boundary current and prevents its separation in the northern half of the Sverdrup subtropical gyre, where the western boundary current is unstable without the stabilizing effect of the southern RRG. Therefore, in the equilibrium state, the southern RRG should be located just to the north of the center of the Sverdrup subtropical gyre, which is defined as the latitude of the Sverdrup streamfunction maximum. The zonal jet (the Kuroshio Extension) and the northern RRG gyre are formed to the north of the southern RRG. This is our central result. This hypothesis is confirmed by a series of sensitivity experiments where the location of the center of the Sverdrup subtropical gyre is changed without changing the boundaries of the subtropical gyre. The locations of the zonal jets in the observed Kuroshio Current System and Gulf Stream are consistent as well. Sensitivities of the model Kuroshio Current System are also discussed with regard to the horizontal viscosity, strength of the wind stress, and coastline.  相似文献   

EOS/MODIS数据在甘蔗寒害监测评估中的应用   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

匡昭敏  李强  尧永梅  丁美花 《应用气象学报》2009,20(3):360-364

利用250 m分辨率的EOS/MODIS数据,采用植被状况指数法,以广西甘蔗种植区为例,研究应用遥感方法进行甘蔗寒害监测评估的技术方法。在通过使用地理信息数据,结合GPS测定的甘蔗训练样本区,应用EOS/MO—DIS数据获取了广西甘蔗种植区域的基础上,根据甘蔗遭受寒害后叶绿素减少,从而导致归一化植被指数值发生变化的原理,建立甘蔗寒害遥感监测评估模型和产品制作流程。对2008年初广西甘蔗寒害的空间分布及其灾害面积进行监测评估,监测评估结果与灾情调查实况一致,重寒害区主要出现在广西北部和中部的甘蔗种植区,东南部、沿海地区及右江河谷的甘蔗区寒害相对较轻,灾害面积测算误差小于5%,结果表明:应用EOS/MODIS数据开展甘蔗寒害的空间分布及灾害面积的监测评估,能较好地满足业务需求。  相似文献   

动力延伸预报产品在广西月尺度降水滚动预测中的释用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何慧  欧艺  覃志年 《气象研究与应用》2009,30(1):15-18

对广西88个站全年各旬月尺度降水距平百分率作自然正交展开(EOF分解),选取累积方差贡献接近75%的前几个主成分为预报量.利用1982年至今的国家气候中心月动力延伸集合预报资料或回算实验资料,从月尺度平均500hPa位势高度、700hPaU、V向水平风速延伸预报场中选取初选预报因子,并运用EOF分解构建成综合预报因子,分别选取其中与各个预报分量相关程度高的主成分建立预报方程,滚动制作广西月尺度降水量预报.91个独立样本试验和实际应用证明,预报效果较好.  相似文献   

Regional features of precipitation over Asia and summer extreme precipitation over Southeast Asia and their associations with atmospheric–oceanic conditions     

Cai Yao  Weihong Qian  Song Yang  Zhengmin Lin 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2010,106(1-2):57-73

The variations of both total and extreme precipitations over Asia are characterized by large regional features and seasonality. Extreme precipitation mainly occurs in summer and then in autumn over South Asia but it is a prominent phenomenon in all seasons over Southeast Asia. It explains above 40% of the total precipitation in winter over India, while the ratio of extreme precipitation to total precipitation is 30% or smaller in all seasons over southern-central China. Over Southeast Asia, the largest ratio appears in winter. The extreme precipitation over Southeast Asia (EPSEA) exhibits significant positive trends in all seasons except autumn. The long-term increase in summer EPSEA is associated with significant surface warming over extratropical Asia and the Indo-Pacific oceans and linked to a large-scale anomalous cyclonic pattern over Southeast Asia. An increase in de-trended summer EPSEA is associated with less significant surface warming. However, it is still clearly linked to an anomalous cyclonic pattern over Southeast Asia, contributed by intensifications of monsoon flow from the west, trade wind from the east, and cross-equatorial flow over Indonesia. The antecedent features of increased summer EPSEA include an overall warming over the tropical–subtropical northern hemisphere and an anomalous cyclonic pattern over Southeast Asia in winter and spring. When the large-scale Asian monsoon (measured by the Webster-Yang monsoon index) or the South Asian monsoon is strong, summer extreme precipitation mainly increases over tropical Asia. When monsoon is strong over Southeast Asia or East Asia, extreme precipitation increases over Southeast Asia and decreases over East Asia. A strong summer monsoon over Southeast Asia or East Asia is also followed by decreased autumn extreme precipitation over Southeast Asia.  相似文献   

Seasonal Variations of the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet and the Thermal Mechanism   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

KUANG Xueyuan  ZHANG Yaocun  LIU Jian 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2007,21(2):192-203

The seasonal variations of the intensity and location of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet (EAWJ) and the thermal mechanism are analyzed by using NCEP/NCAR monthly reanalysis data from 1961 to 2000. It is found that the seasonal variation of the EAWJ center not only has significant meridional migration, but also shows the rapid zonal displacements during June-July. Moreover, there exists zonal inconsistency in the northward shift process of the EAWJ axis. Analysis on the thermal mechanism of the EAWJ seasonal variations indicates that the annual cycle of the EAWJ seasonal variation matches very well with the structure of the meridional difference of air temperature, suggesting that the EAWJ seasonal variation is closely related to the inhomogeneous heating due to the solar radiation and the land-sea thermal contrast. Through investigating the relation between the EAWJ and the heat transport, it is revealed that the EAWJ weakens and shifts northward during the warming period from wintertime to summertime, whereas the EAWJ intensifies and shifts southward during the cooling period from summertime to wintertime. The meridional difference of the horizontal heat advection transport is the main factor determining the meridional temperature difference. The meridional shift of the EAWJ follows the location of the maximum meridional gradient of the horizontal heat advection transport. During the period from April to October, the diabatic heating plays the leading role in the zonal displacement of the EAWJ center. The diabatic heating of the Tibetan Plateau to the mid-upper troposphere leads to the rapid zonal displacement of the EAWJ center during June-July.  相似文献   

Study on the Overfitting of the Artificial Neural Network Forecasting Model   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

JIN Long  KUANG Xueyuan  HUANG Haihong  QIN Zhinian  WANG Yehong 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2005,19(2):216-225

Because of overfitting and the improvement of generalization capability (GC) available in the construction of forecasting models using artificial neural network (ANN), a new method is proposed for model establishment by means of making a low-dimension ANN learning matrix through principal component analysis (PCA). The results show that the PCA is able to construct an ANN model without the need of finding an optimal structure with the appropriate number of hidden-layer nodes, thus avoids overfitting by condensing forecasting information, reducing dimension and removing noise, and GC is greatly raised compared to the traditional ANN and stepwise regression techniques for model establishment.  相似文献